Centrifuger har en roterande- höghastighetscylinder, en så kallad skål, runt sin axel, vanligtvis driven av en elmotor. Efter att suspensionen (eller emulsionen) tillsatts till trumman, drivs den snabbt att rotera med samma hastighet som trumman, och komponenterna separeras och töms separat under inverkan av centrifugalkraften. Generellt gäller att ju högre trumhastigheten är, desto bättre blir separationseffekten.
There are two types of centrifugal separators: centrifugal filtration and centrifugal sedimentation. ① Centrifugal filtration: The centrifugal pressure generated by the suspension under the centrifugal force field acts on the filter medium (filter screen or filter cloth), so that the liquid passes through the filter medium to become filtrate; while the solid particles are trapped on the surface of the filter medium to form filter residues, thereby Realize liquid-solid separation. There are holes on the circumferential wall of the filter drum, and the inner wall is lined with filter media. ②Centrifugal sedimentation: Liquid-solid (or liquid-liquid) separation is realized by utilizing the principle of rapid sedimentation and stratification of components with different densities of suspension (or emulsion) in the centrifugal force field. The peripheral wall of the sinking drum has no holes. After the suspension (or emulsion) is added to the drum, the solid particles (or liquid with higher density) settle to the drum wall to form a sediment (or heavy separation liquid). The liquid with lower density gathers toward the center of the drum, flows to the overflow port and discharges, and becomes the separation liquid (or light separation liquid). The drums are all intermittent slag discharge, which is suitable for the separation of suspensions or emulsions with small particle size and low concentration of solid particles; the rotary drum in Figure 3b uses spiral continuous slag discharge, which can separate suspensions with high solid particle concentration . In the drum with multi-layer conical discs, the liquid is divided into several thin layers by the discs, which shortens the distance of sedimentation separation, accelerates the separation, and improves the separation effect.
När den fasta och flytande blandningen som ska separeras kommer in i den höghastighetsroterande trumman från matningsporten, under inverkan av centrifugalkraft, filtreras blandningen genom filtersilen, vätskeseparationen töms ut genom avloppsröret och den fasta separationen lämnas i trumman. Inuti, när den fasta separationen i trumman når de krav som specificeras av utrustningen, stoppa matningen, rengör den fasta separationen och töm ut tvättvätskan samtidigt. Efter att rengöringen uppfyller kraven körs centrifugalseparatorn med låg hastighet, och den fasta separatorns utmatningsanordning (skrapan) drivs av AC-servomotorn för att ladda ur den fasta separatorn för att slutföra en arbetsprocess.
